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openresource
- Administrator
- Messaggi: 384
- Iscritto il: mar gen 28, 2020 9:52 pm
- Reactions score: 4
- Località: varese
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da openresource
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Bash Commands
uname -a |
Show system and kernel |
head -n1 /etc/issue |
Show distribution |
mount |
Show mounted filesystems |
date |
Show system date |
uptime |
Show uptime |
whoami |
Show your username |
man command |
Show manual for command |
Bash Shortcuts
CTRL-c |
Stop current command |
CTRL-z |
Sleep program |
CTRL-a |
Go to start of line |
CTRL-e |
Go to end of line |
CTRL-u |
Cut from start of line |
CTRL-k |
Cut to end of line |
CTRL-r |
Search history |
!! |
Repeat last command |
!abc |
Run last command starting with abc |
!abc:p |
Print last command starting with abc |
!$ |
Last argument of previous command |
ALT-. |
Last argument of previous command |
!* |
All arguments of previous command |
abc123 |
Run previous command, replacing abc with 123 |
Bash Variables
env |
Show environment variables |
echo $NAME |
Output value of $NAME variable |
export NAME=value |
Set $NAME to value |
$PATH |
Executable search path |
$HOME |
Home directory |
$SHELL |
Current shell |
IO Redirection
cmd < file
Input of cmd from file |
cmd1 <(cmd2)
Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1 |
cmd > file
Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file |
cmd > /dev/null
Discard stdout of cmd |
cmd >> file
Append stdout to file |
cmd 2> file
Error output (stderr) of cmd to file |
cmd 1>&2
stdout to same place as stderr |
cmd 2>&1
stderr to same place as stdout |
cmd &> file
Every output of cmd to file |
cmd refers to a command.
Pipes
cmd1 | cmd2
stdout of cmd1 to cmd2 |
cmd1 |& cmd2
stderr of cmd1 to cmd2 |
Command Lists
cmd1 ; cmd2
Run cmd1 then cmd2 |
cmd1 && cmd2
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful |
cmd1 || cmd2
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful |
cmd &
Run cmd in a subshell |
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Directory Operations
pwd |
Show current directory |
mkdir dir |
Make directory dir |
cd dir |
Change directory to dir |
cd .. |
Go up a directory |
ls |
List files |
ls Options
-a |
Show all (including hidden) |
-R |
Recursive list |
-r |
Reverse order |
-t |
Sort by last modified |
-S |
Sort by file size |
-l |
Long listing format |
-1 |
One file per line |
-m |
Comma-separated output |
-Q |
Quoted output |
Search Files
grep pattern files |
Search for pattern in files |
grep -i |
Case insensitive search |
grep -r |
Recursive search |
grep -v |
Inverted search |
grep -o |
Show matched part of file only |
find /dir/ -name name* |
Find files starting with name in dir |
find /dir/ -user name |
Find files owned by name in dir |
find /dir/ -mmin num |
Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir |
whereis command |
Find binary / source / manual for command |
locate file |
Find file (quick search of system index) |
File Operations
touch file1
Create file1 |
cat file1 file2
Concatenate files and output |
less file1
View and paginate file1 |
file file1
Get type of file1 |
cp file1 file2
Copy file1 to file2 |
mv file1 file2
Move file1 to file2 |
rm file1
Delete file1 |
head file1
Show first 10 lines of file1 |
tail file1
Show last 10 lines of file1 |
tail -F file1
Output last lines of file1 as it changes |
Watch a Command
watch -n 5 'ntpq -p'
Issue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output |
Process Management
ps |
Show snapshot of processes |
top |
Show real time processes |
kill pid |
Kill process with id pid |
pkill name |
Kill process with name name |
killall name |
Kill all processes with names beginning name |
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Nano Shortcuts
Files |
Ctrl-R |
Read file |
Ctrl-O |
Save file |
Ctrl-X |
Close file |
Cut and Paste |
ALT-A |
Start marking text |
CTRL-K |
Cut marked text or line |
CTRL-U |
Paste text |
Navigate File |
ALT-/ |
End of file |
CTRL-A |
Beginning of line |
CTRL-E |
End of line |
CTRL-C |
Show line number |
CTRL-_ |
Go to line number |
Search File |
CTRL-W |
Find |
ALT-W |
Find next |
CTRL-\ |
Search and replace |
More nano info at:
http://www.nano-editor.org/docs.php
Screen Shortcuts
screen
Start a screen session. |
screen -r
Resume a screen session. |
screen -list
Show your current screen sessions. |
CTRL-A
Activate commands for screen. |
CTRL-A c
Create a new instance of terminal. |
CTRL-A n
Go to the next instance of terminal. |
CTRL-A p
Go to the previous instance of terminal. |
CTRL-A "
Show current instances of terminals. |
CTRL-A A
Rename the current instance. |
More screen info at:
http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
File Permissions
chmod 775 file
Change mode of file to 775 |
chmod -R 600 folder
Recursively chmod folder to 600 |
chown user:group file
Change file owner to user and group to group |
File Permission Numbers
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